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over the past

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over the past
 

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over the past
decades we've struggled to see beyond

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decades we've struggled to see beyond
 

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decades we've struggled to see beyond
the atmosphere lying between earth and

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the atmosphere lying between earth and
 

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the atmosphere lying between earth and
space

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space
 

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space
even from mountaintop observatories the

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even from mountaintop observatories the
 

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even from mountaintop observatories the
atmosphere has blurred our view of the

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atmosphere has blurred our view of the
 

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atmosphere has blurred our view of the
universe

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universe
 

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universe
and because the atmosphere absorbs

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and because the atmosphere absorbs
 

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and because the atmosphere absorbs
certain forms of energy

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certain forms of energy
 

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certain forms of energy
our knowledge of celestial phenomena has

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our knowledge of celestial phenomena has
 

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our knowledge of celestial phenomena has
been limited

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been limited
 

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been limited
one answer has been to go beyond the

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one answer has been to go beyond the
 

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one answer has been to go beyond the
atmosphere

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atmosphere
 

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atmosphere
in fact between the late 60s and the

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in fact between the late 60s and the
 

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in fact between the late 60s and the
late 70s nasa launched a series of

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late 70s nasa launched a series of
 

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late 70s nasa launched a series of
special purpose observatories

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special purpose observatories
 

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special purpose observatories
revealing ultraviolet sources such as

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revealing ultraviolet sources such as
 

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revealing ultraviolet sources such as
very hot stars and very young

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very hot stars and very young
 

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very hot stars and very young
stars these satellites made tremendous

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stars these satellites made tremendous
 

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stars these satellites made tremendous
breakthroughs

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breakthroughs
 

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breakthroughs
and encouraged astronomers to move on to

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and encouraged astronomers to move on to
 

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and encouraged astronomers to move on to
larger observatories

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larger observatories
 

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larger observatories
seeking answers about more distant

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seeking answers about more distant
 

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seeking answers about more distant
galaxies mysterious pulsars

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galaxies mysterious pulsars
 

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galaxies mysterious pulsars
and quasars and the universe

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and quasars and the universe
 

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and quasars and the universe
itself astronomers envisioned the next

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itself astronomers envisioned the next
 

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itself astronomers envisioned the next
step

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step
 

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step
a multi-purpose observatory in space

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a multi-purpose observatory in space
 

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a multi-purpose observatory in space
one that could image farther and more

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one that could image farther and more
 

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one that could image farther and more
clearly than its predecessors

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clearly than its predecessors
 

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clearly than its predecessors
uncovering phenomena in ultraviolet

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uncovering phenomena in ultraviolet
 

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uncovering phenomena in ultraviolet
visible and near infrared regions of the

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visible and near infrared regions of the
 

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visible and near infrared regions of the
spectrum

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spectrum
 

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spectrum
an observatory that could expand our

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an observatory that could expand our
 

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an observatory that could expand our
perception to the outer reaches of the

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perception to the outer reaches of the
 

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perception to the outer reaches of the
universe

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universe
 

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universe
that next step was hst nasa's hubble

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that next step was hst nasa's hubble
 

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that next step was hst nasa's hubble
space telescope

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space telescope
 

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space telescope
with its precision optics and diverse

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with its precision optics and diverse
 

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with its precision optics and diverse
array of scientific instruments

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nasa is responsible for developing

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nasa is responsible for developing
 

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nasa is responsible for developing
operating and maintaining this

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operating and maintaining this
 

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operating and maintaining this
ground-sized space observatory

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ground-sized space observatory
 

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ground-sized space observatory
with its unparalleled goals the hubble

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with its unparalleled goals the hubble
 

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with its unparalleled goals the hubble
space telescope

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space telescope
 

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space telescope
poses a much greater challenge to

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poses a much greater challenge to
 

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poses a much greater challenge to
operate than ground-based observatories

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operate than ground-based observatories
 

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operate than ground-based observatories
or the satellites that came before it

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so

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led by nasa engineers scientists and

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led by nasa engineers scientists and
 

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led by nasa engineers scientists and
researchers from universities

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researchers from universities
 

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researchers from universities
industries and the european space agency

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industries and the european space agency
 

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industries and the european space agency
have combined

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have combined
 

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have combined
efforts to meet the challenge of

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efforts to meet the challenge of
 

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efforts to meet the challenge of
operating hubble space telescope

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operating hubble space telescope
 

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operating hubble space telescope
the result is one of the most complex

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the result is one of the most complex
 

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the result is one of the most complex
operations and maintenance systems in

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operations and maintenance systems in
 

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operations and maintenance systems in
the world

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the world
 

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the world
one that ensures quality observations

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one that ensures quality observations
 

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one that ensures quality observations
and spacecraft performance

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and spacecraft performance
 

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and spacecraft performance
into the next century

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to take a closer look we started the

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to take a closer look we started the
 

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to take a closer look we started the
space telescope science institute in

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space telescope science institute in
 

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space telescope science institute in
baltimore maryland

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baltimore maryland
 

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baltimore maryland
aura a consortium of american

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aura a consortium of american
 

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aura a consortium of american
universities operates the institute for

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universities operates the institute for
 

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universities operates the institute for
nasa

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nasa
 

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nasa
the space telescope science institute is

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the space telescope science institute is
 

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the space telescope science institute is
the international center for science

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the international center for science
 

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the international center for science
activities with hst

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activities with hst
 

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activities with hst
it plans the day-to-day observations and

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it plans the day-to-day observations and
 

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it plans the day-to-day observations and
sets up the long-term

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sets up the long-term
 

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sets up the long-term
science program astronomers first come

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science program astronomers first come
 

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science program astronomers first come
in contact with the institute when they

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in contact with the institute when they
 

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in contact with the institute when they
submit their proposed science program

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submit their proposed science program
 

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submit their proposed science program
as with any major observatory the demand

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as with any major observatory the demand
 

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as with any major observatory the demand
for the telescope

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for the telescope
 

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for the telescope
exceeds the time available we expect to

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exceeds the time available we expect to
 

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exceeds the time available we expect to
receive

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receive
 

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receive
over a thousand proposals a year and

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over a thousand proposals a year and
 

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over a thousand proposals a year and
only 200 can be conducted

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only 200 can be conducted
 

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only 200 can be conducted
a committee of international astronomers

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a committee of international astronomers
 

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a committee of international astronomers
selects the proposals based on their

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selects the proposals based on their
 

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selects the proposals based on their
scientific merit

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scientific merit
 

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scientific merit
because the hst offers several hundred

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because the hst offers several hundred
 

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because the hst offers several hundred
instrument configurations

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instrument configurations
 

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instrument configurations
our scientists work with the selected

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our scientists work with the selected
 

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our scientists work with the selected
researchers to detail their observations

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researchers to detail their observations
 

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researchers to detail their observations
next numerous proposals are incorporated

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next numerous proposals are incorporated
 

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next numerous proposals are incorporated
into a week-long

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into a week-long
 

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into a week-long
observing schedule that ensures the

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observing schedule that ensures the
 

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observing schedule that ensures the
efficient use of every telescope minute

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efficient use of every telescope minute
 

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efficient use of every telescope minute
there are many many factors involved in

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there are many many factors involved in
 

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there are many many factors involved in
scheduling observations with the space

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scheduling observations with the space
 

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scheduling observations with the space
telescope

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telescope
 

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telescope
there are many instruments onboard a

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there are many instruments onboard a
 

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there are many instruments onboard a
space telescope within the same

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space telescope within the same
 

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space telescope within the same
instrument

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instrument
 

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instrument
there are several observing modes even

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there are several observing modes even
 

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there are several observing modes even
the simplest

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the simplest
 

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the simplest
observation requires using different

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observation requires using different
 

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observation requires using different
filters

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filters
 

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filters
we may also have to revisit the same

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we may also have to revisit the same
 

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we may also have to revisit the same
target at different times of the year

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target at different times of the year
 

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target at different times of the year
we want to maximize the time spent

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we want to maximize the time spent
 

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we want to maximize the time spent
observing with the space telescope

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observing with the space telescope
 

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observing with the space telescope
and minimize the time wasted moving the

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and minimize the time wasted moving the
 

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and minimize the time wasted moving the
telescope around

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telescope around
 

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telescope around
therefore we will group the observations

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therefore we will group the observations
 

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therefore we will group the observations
to happen in the same area of the sky

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to happen in the same area of the sky
 

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to happen in the same area of the sky
we also want to use the same instrument

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we also want to use the same instrument
 

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we also want to use the same instrument
for

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for
 

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for
long periods of time even weeks at a

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long periods of time even weeks at a
 

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long periods of time even weeks at a
time to minimize

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time to minimize
 

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time to minimize
switching instruments on and off

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switching instruments on and off
 

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switching instruments on and off
unnecessarily

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before the telescope schedule can be

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before the telescope schedule can be
 

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before the telescope schedule can be
completed another essential factor is

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completed another essential factor is
 

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completed another essential factor is
entered

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entered
 

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entered
the guide stars to establish guide stars

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the guide stars to establish guide stars
 

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the guide stars to establish guide stars
for operations

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for operations
 

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for operations
the institute has converted 1500

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the institute has converted 1500
 

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the institute has converted 1500
photographic plates of the sky

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photographic plates of the sky
 

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photographic plates of the sky
into a catalog of 15 million stars

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into a catalog of 15 million stars
 

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into a catalog of 15 million stars
using the catalog the institute's

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using the catalog the institute's
 

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using the catalog the institute's
computer selects

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computer selects
 

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computer selects
guide stars for each target hst

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guide stars for each target hst
 

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guide stars for each target hst
stabilizes on a target by finding and

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stabilizes on a target by finding and
 

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stabilizes on a target by finding and
locking onto

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locking onto
 

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locking onto
two guide stars with its precision

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two guide stars with its precision
 

261
00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:26,790
two guide stars with its precision
guidance sensors

262
00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:26,800
guidance sensors
 

263
00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:29,110
guidance sensors
the sensors detect any minor drift from

264
00:05:29,110 --> 00:05:29,120
the sensors detect any minor drift from
 

265
00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:30,390
the sensors detect any minor drift from
the guide stars

266
00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:30,400
the guide stars
 

267
00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:32,550
the guide stars
and correct the spacecraft's position

268
00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:32,560
and correct the spacecraft's position
 

269
00:05:32,560 --> 00:05:34,469
and correct the spacecraft's position
through the onboard computers

270
00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:34,479
through the onboard computers
 

271
00:05:34,479 --> 00:05:36,550
through the onboard computers
with the guide stars and other system

272
00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:36,560
with the guide stars and other system
 

273
00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:38,070
with the guide stars and other system
factors incorporated

274
00:05:38,070 --> 00:05:38,080
factors incorporated
 

275
00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:40,230
factors incorporated
the institute produces a week-long

276
00:05:40,230 --> 00:05:40,240
the institute produces a week-long
 

277
00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:42,390
the institute produces a week-long
schedule which specifies

278
00:05:42,390 --> 00:05:42,400
schedule which specifies
 

279
00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:45,270
schedule which specifies
when where and how hst science

280
00:05:45,270 --> 00:05:45,280
when where and how hst science
 

281
00:05:45,280 --> 00:05:52,629
when where and how hst science
instruments will be used

282
00:05:52,629 --> 00:05:52,639
instruments will be used
 

283
00:05:52,639 --> 00:05:54,550
instruments will be used
from the institute the science schedule

284
00:05:54,550 --> 00:05:54,560
from the institute the science schedule
 

285
00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:56,070
from the institute the science schedule
is transmitted to the space

286
00:05:56,070 --> 00:05:56,080
is transmitted to the space
 

287
00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:59,270
is transmitted to the space
telescope operations control center

288
00:05:59,270 --> 00:05:59,280
telescope operations control center
 

289
00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:01,350
telescope operations control center
located at goddard space flight center

290
00:06:01,350 --> 00:06:01,360
located at goddard space flight center
 

291
00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:03,110
located at goddard space flight center
in greenbelt maryland

292
00:06:03,110 --> 00:06:03,120
in greenbelt maryland
 

293
00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:05,749
in greenbelt maryland
this is the nerve center of hst's ground

294
00:06:05,749 --> 00:06:05,759
this is the nerve center of hst's ground
 

295
00:06:05,759 --> 00:06:07,029
this is the nerve center of hst's ground
system

296
00:06:07,029 --> 00:06:07,039
system
 

297
00:06:07,039 --> 00:06:09,189
system
the science schedule automatically goes

298
00:06:09,189 --> 00:06:09,199
the science schedule automatically goes
 

299
00:06:09,199 --> 00:06:11,029
the science schedule automatically goes
into one of the control center computer

300
00:06:11,029 --> 00:06:11,039
into one of the control center computer
 

301
00:06:11,039 --> 00:06:11,830
into one of the control center computer
systems

302
00:06:11,830 --> 00:06:11,840
systems
 

303
00:06:11,840 --> 00:06:13,909
systems
which adds commands for operating and

304
00:06:13,909 --> 00:06:13,919
which adds commands for operating and
 

305
00:06:13,919 --> 00:06:16,710
which adds commands for operating and
maintaining the observatory

306
00:06:16,710 --> 00:06:16,720
maintaining the observatory
 

307
00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:18,950
maintaining the observatory
these new commands cover such operations

308
00:06:18,950 --> 00:06:18,960
these new commands cover such operations
 

309
00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:20,710
these new commands cover such operations
as moving the telescope

310
00:06:20,710 --> 00:06:20,720
as moving the telescope
 

311
00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:24,309
as moving the telescope
or pointing its communications antennas

312
00:06:24,309 --> 00:06:24,319
or pointing its communications antennas
 

313
00:06:24,319 --> 00:06:26,550
or pointing its communications antennas
the system also schedules links to

314
00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:26,560
the system also schedules links to
 

315
00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:29,830
the system also schedules links to
nasa's communications satellites

316
00:06:29,830 --> 00:06:29,840
nasa's communications satellites
 

317
00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:32,230
nasa's communications satellites
merging both the science and spacecraft

318
00:06:32,230 --> 00:06:32,240
merging both the science and spacecraft
 

319
00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:32,950
merging both the science and spacecraft
commands

320
00:06:32,950 --> 00:06:32,960
commands
 

321
00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:35,270
commands
the computer generates a master schedule

322
00:06:35,270 --> 00:06:35,280
the computer generates a master schedule
 

323
00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:36,390
the computer generates a master schedule
for the week

324
00:06:36,390 --> 00:06:36,400
for the week
 

325
00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:38,070
for the week
if this second by second schedule

326
00:06:38,070 --> 00:06:38,080
if this second by second schedule
 

327
00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:39,990
if this second by second schedule
printed out the stack would be one to

328
00:06:39,990 --> 00:06:40,000
printed out the stack would be one to
 

329
00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:41,990
printed out the stack would be one to
two feet high

330
00:06:41,990 --> 00:06:42,000
two feet high
 

331
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:44,790
two feet high
commands are sent to hst's two on-board

332
00:06:44,790 --> 00:06:44,800
commands are sent to hst's two on-board
 

333
00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:45,749
commands are sent to hst's two on-board
computers

334
00:06:45,749 --> 00:06:45,759
computers
 

335
00:06:45,759 --> 00:06:47,909
computers
which on an average day carry out over

336
00:06:47,909 --> 00:06:47,919
which on an average day carry out over
 

337
00:06:47,919 --> 00:06:50,790
which on an average day carry out over
12 000 commands

338
00:06:50,790 --> 00:06:50,800
12 000 commands
 

339
00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:52,790
12 000 commands
the spacecraft's safety is also

340
00:06:52,790 --> 00:06:52,800
the spacecraft's safety is also
 

341
00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:57,510
the spacecraft's safety is also
monitored at the control center

342
00:06:57,510 --> 00:06:57,520

 

343
00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:00,070

a typical satellite has about a thousand

344
00:07:00,070 --> 00:07:00,080
a typical satellite has about a thousand
 

345
00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:02,870
a typical satellite has about a thousand
parameters that must be monitored

346
00:07:02,870 --> 00:07:02,880
parameters that must be monitored
 

347
00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:06,230
parameters that must be monitored
hst has about six thousand

348
00:07:06,230 --> 00:07:06,240
hst has about six thousand
 

349
00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:08,150
hst has about six thousand
these parameters include specific

350
00:07:08,150 --> 00:07:08,160
these parameters include specific
 

351
00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:09,589
these parameters include specific
spacecraft temperatures

352
00:07:09,589 --> 00:07:09,599
spacecraft temperatures
 

353
00:07:09,599 --> 00:07:12,150
spacecraft temperatures
voltages electrical currents and the

354
00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:12,160
voltages electrical currents and the
 

355
00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:14,629
voltages electrical currents and the
condition of its computers

356
00:07:14,629 --> 00:07:14,639
condition of its computers
 

357
00:07:14,639 --> 00:07:17,029
condition of its computers
our engineers must instantly recognize

358
00:07:17,029 --> 00:07:17,039
our engineers must instantly recognize
 

359
00:07:17,039 --> 00:07:18,790
our engineers must instantly recognize
the codes for each function

360
00:07:18,790 --> 00:07:18,800
the codes for each function
 

361
00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:20,309
the codes for each function
interpret their measurements and take

362
00:07:20,309 --> 00:07:20,319
interpret their measurements and take
 

363
00:07:20,319 --> 00:07:23,430
interpret their measurements and take
immediate action if something is unusual

364
00:07:23,430 --> 00:07:23,440
immediate action if something is unusual
 

365
00:07:23,440 --> 00:07:25,430
immediate action if something is unusual
because the engineers are overrun with

366
00:07:25,430 --> 00:07:25,440
because the engineers are overrun with
 

367
00:07:25,440 --> 00:07:27,350
because the engineers are overrun with
data we became concerned about the

368
00:07:27,350 --> 00:07:27,360
data we became concerned about the
 

369
00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:29,270
data we became concerned about the
potential for human error

370
00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:29,280
potential for human error
 

371
00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:31,110
potential for human error
to minimize this possibility we are

372
00:07:31,110 --> 00:07:31,120
to minimize this possibility we are
 

373
00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:32,790
to minimize this possibility we are
developing an artificial intelligence

374
00:07:32,790 --> 00:07:32,800
developing an artificial intelligence
 

375
00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:33,430
developing an artificial intelligence
system

376
00:07:33,430 --> 00:07:33,440
system
 

377
00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:37,029
system
that automates much of the analysis

378
00:07:37,029 --> 00:07:37,039
that automates much of the analysis
 

379
00:07:37,039 --> 00:07:39,350
that automates much of the analysis
if the system finds something amiss it

380
00:07:39,350 --> 00:07:39,360
if the system finds something amiss it
 

381
00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:40,870
if the system finds something amiss it
tells the operator

382
00:07:40,870 --> 00:07:40,880
tells the operator
 

383
00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:43,350
tells the operator
eventually it will also prescribe a

384
00:07:43,350 --> 00:07:43,360
eventually it will also prescribe a
 

385
00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:44,309
eventually it will also prescribe a
solution

386
00:07:44,309 --> 00:07:44,319
solution
 

387
00:07:44,319 --> 00:07:48,150
solution
for the irregularity

388
00:07:48,150 --> 00:07:48,160

 

389
00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,710

before the actual observations begin

390
00:07:50,710 --> 00:07:50,720
before the actual observations begin
 

391
00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:53,189
before the actual observations begin
nasa must calibrate hst's various

392
00:07:53,189 --> 00:07:53,199
nasa must calibrate hst's various
 

393
00:07:53,199 --> 00:07:54,070
nasa must calibrate hst's various
systems

394
00:07:54,070 --> 00:07:54,080
systems
 

395
00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:56,150
systems
during a crucial seven-month period

396
00:07:56,150 --> 00:07:56,160
during a crucial seven-month period
 

397
00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:59,110
during a crucial seven-month period
following launch marshall space flight

398
00:07:59,110 --> 00:07:59,120
following launch marshall space flight
 

399
00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,589
following launch marshall space flight
center located in huntsville alabama

400
00:08:01,589 --> 00:08:01,599
center located in huntsville alabama
 

401
00:08:01,599 --> 00:08:04,629
center located in huntsville alabama
was responsible for building hst

402
00:08:04,629 --> 00:08:04,639
was responsible for building hst
 

403
00:08:04,639 --> 00:08:06,390
was responsible for building hst
early in the calibration process

404
00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:06,400
early in the calibration process
 

405
00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:07,990
early in the calibration process
marshall personnel managed the

406
00:08:07,990 --> 00:08:08,000
marshall personnel managed the
 

407
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:09,749
marshall personnel managed the
spacecraft's initial checkout

408
00:08:09,749 --> 00:08:09,759
spacecraft's initial checkout
 

409
00:08:09,759 --> 00:08:12,950
spacecraft's initial checkout
from goddard's control center

410
00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:12,960
from goddard's control center
 

411
00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:14,469
from goddard's control center
at the beginning of deployment the

412
00:08:14,469 --> 00:08:14,479
at the beginning of deployment the
 

413
00:08:14,479 --> 00:08:16,150
at the beginning of deployment the
shuttle bay doors open

414
00:08:16,150 --> 00:08:16,160
shuttle bay doors open
 

415
00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:19,189
shuttle bay doors open
and the arbiter applies power to hst

416
00:08:19,189 --> 00:08:19,199
and the arbiter applies power to hst
 

417
00:08:19,199 --> 00:08:21,270
and the arbiter applies power to hst
communication is then established

418
00:08:21,270 --> 00:08:21,280
communication is then established
 

419
00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,270
communication is then established
between the ground control center

420
00:08:23,270 --> 00:08:23,280
between the ground control center
 

421
00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:25,909
between the ground control center
and the spacecraft to verify proper

422
00:08:25,909 --> 00:08:25,919
and the spacecraft to verify proper
 

423
00:08:25,919 --> 00:08:26,950
and the spacecraft to verify proper
configuration

424
00:08:26,950 --> 00:08:26,960
configuration
 

425
00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:29,029
configuration
and to activate basic systems for

426
00:08:29,029 --> 00:08:29,039
and to activate basic systems for
 

427
00:08:29,039 --> 00:08:31,350
and to activate basic systems for
thermal safety

428
00:08:31,350 --> 00:08:31,360
thermal safety
 

429
00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:34,230
thermal safety
next the arbiter's arm lifts hst out of

430
00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:34,240
next the arbiter's arm lifts hst out of
 

431
00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:35,029
next the arbiter's arm lifts hst out of
the bay

432
00:08:35,029 --> 00:08:35,039
the bay
 

433
00:08:35,039 --> 00:08:36,949
the bay
so the telescope's solar arrays and

434
00:08:36,949 --> 00:08:36,959
so the telescope's solar arrays and
 

435
00:08:36,959 --> 00:08:39,269
so the telescope's solar arrays and
antennas can be extended

436
00:08:39,269 --> 00:08:39,279
antennas can be extended
 

437
00:08:39,279 --> 00:08:41,350
antennas can be extended
the arm releases the observatory into

438
00:08:41,350 --> 00:08:41,360
the arm releases the observatory into
 

439
00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:44,790
the arm releases the observatory into
orbit some 300 miles above the earth

440
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:44,800
orbit some 300 miles above the earth
 

441
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:47,910
orbit some 300 miles above the earth
hst's solar arrays are oriented properly

442
00:08:47,910 --> 00:08:47,920
hst's solar arrays are oriented properly
 

443
00:08:47,920 --> 00:08:49,670
hst's solar arrays are oriented properly
to convert the sun's energy into

444
00:08:49,670 --> 00:08:49,680
to convert the sun's energy into
 

445
00:08:49,680 --> 00:08:53,190
to convert the sun's energy into
electrical power for the observatory

446
00:08:53,190 --> 00:08:53,200
electrical power for the observatory
 

447
00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:55,430
electrical power for the observatory
the arbiter stays nearby for about two

448
00:08:55,430 --> 00:08:55,440
the arbiter stays nearby for about two
 

449
00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:56,870
the arbiter stays nearby for about two
days after release

450
00:08:56,870 --> 00:08:56,880
days after release
 

451
00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,430
days after release
in case hst needs further assistance

452
00:08:59,430 --> 00:08:59,440
in case hst needs further assistance
 

453
00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:02,230
in case hst needs further assistance
during this early critical period

454
00:09:02,230 --> 00:09:02,240
during this early critical period
 

455
00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,070
during this early critical period
once we establish that the spacecraft

456
00:09:04,070 --> 00:09:04,080
once we establish that the spacecraft
 

457
00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:05,750
once we establish that the spacecraft
can operate on its own

458
00:09:05,750 --> 00:09:05,760
can operate on its own
 

459
00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:08,949
can operate on its own
the arbiter returns to earth meanwhile

460
00:09:08,949 --> 00:09:08,959
the arbiter returns to earth meanwhile
 

461
00:09:08,959 --> 00:09:10,949
the arbiter returns to earth meanwhile
ground control engineers continue to

462
00:09:10,949 --> 00:09:10,959
ground control engineers continue to
 

463
00:09:10,959 --> 00:09:11,590
ground control engineers continue to
verify

464
00:09:11,590 --> 00:09:11,600
verify
 

465
00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:14,070
verify
that major components are up and running

466
00:09:14,070 --> 00:09:14,080
that major components are up and running
 

467
00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:15,750
that major components are up and running
and that the telescope is pointing

468
00:09:15,750 --> 00:09:15,760
and that the telescope is pointing
 

469
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:17,750
and that the telescope is pointing
properly

470
00:09:17,750 --> 00:09:17,760
properly
 

471
00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:19,430
properly
next through a long series of

472
00:09:19,430 --> 00:09:19,440
next through a long series of
 

473
00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:21,110
next through a long series of
calibrations the telescope

474
00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:21,120
calibrations the telescope
 

475
00:09:21,120 --> 00:09:23,350
calibrations the telescope
mirrors star trackers fine guidance

476
00:09:23,350 --> 00:09:23,360
mirrors star trackers fine guidance
 

477
00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:25,829
mirrors star trackers fine guidance
sensors and rate gyros are aligned

478
00:09:25,829 --> 00:09:25,839
sensors and rate gyros are aligned
 

479
00:09:25,839 --> 00:09:27,829
sensors and rate gyros are aligned
at approximately the end of the first

480
00:09:27,829 --> 00:09:27,839
at approximately the end of the first
 

481
00:09:27,839 --> 00:09:30,070
at approximately the end of the first
month marshall officially turns

482
00:09:30,070 --> 00:09:30,080
month marshall officially turns
 

483
00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:32,630
month marshall officially turns
responsibility for hst operations over

484
00:09:32,630 --> 00:09:32,640
responsibility for hst operations over
 

485
00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:34,310
responsibility for hst operations over
to goddard

486
00:09:34,310 --> 00:09:34,320
to goddard
 

487
00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:36,310
to goddard
during the second month goddard conducts

488
00:09:36,310 --> 00:09:36,320
during the second month goddard conducts
 

489
00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:38,230
during the second month goddard conducts
further telescope calibrations

490
00:09:38,230 --> 00:09:38,240
further telescope calibrations
 

491
00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:39,750
further telescope calibrations
and early checkout of the science

492
00:09:39,750 --> 00:09:39,760
and early checkout of the science
 

493
00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:41,269
and early checkout of the science
instruments

494
00:09:41,269 --> 00:09:41,279
instruments
 

495
00:09:41,279 --> 00:09:43,030
instruments
subsequent checkout of the optics and

496
00:09:43,030 --> 00:09:43,040
subsequent checkout of the optics and
 

497
00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:44,550
subsequent checkout of the optics and
the instruments occurs during the

498
00:09:44,550 --> 00:09:44,560
the instruments occurs during the
 

499
00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:46,790
the instruments occurs during the
remaining five months

500
00:09:46,790 --> 00:09:46,800
remaining five months
 

501
00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:48,550
remaining five months
only then can the long-awaited

502
00:09:48,550 --> 00:09:48,560
only then can the long-awaited
 

503
00:09:48,560 --> 00:09:59,670
only then can the long-awaited
observations begin

504
00:09:59,670 --> 00:09:59,680

 

505
00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:02,150

to make these observations hst's

506
00:10:02,150 --> 00:10:02,160
to make these observations hst's
 

507
00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:02,790
to make these observations hst's
commands

508
00:10:02,790 --> 00:10:02,800
commands
 

509
00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,030
commands
must travel an intricate path the

510
00:10:05,030 --> 00:10:05,040
must travel an intricate path the
 

511
00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:07,190
must travel an intricate path the
science commands from the institute are

512
00:10:07,190 --> 00:10:07,200
science commands from the institute are
 

513
00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:08,150
science commands from the institute are
integrated with

514
00:10:08,150 --> 00:10:08,160
integrated with
 

515
00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:10,710
integrated with
spacecraft commands at goddard's control

516
00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:10,720
spacecraft commands at goddard's control
 

517
00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:11,990
spacecraft commands at goddard's control
center

518
00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:12,000
center
 

519
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,470
center
ultimately the signals are relayed to a

520
00:10:14,470 --> 00:10:14,480
ultimately the signals are relayed to a
 

521
00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:15,190
ultimately the signals are relayed to a
nasa

522
00:10:15,190 --> 00:10:15,200
nasa
 

523
00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,750
nasa
tracking and data relay satellite

524
00:10:17,750 --> 00:10:17,760
tracking and data relay satellite
 

525
00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:20,870
tracking and data relay satellite
orbiting 23 000 miles above earth

526
00:10:20,870 --> 00:10:20,880
orbiting 23 000 miles above earth
 

527
00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,509
orbiting 23 000 miles above earth
the commands then go into hst's onboard

528
00:10:23,509 --> 00:10:23,519
the commands then go into hst's onboard
 

529
00:10:23,519 --> 00:10:25,750
the commands then go into hst's onboard
computers to be implemented

530
00:10:25,750 --> 00:10:25,760
computers to be implemented
 

531
00:10:25,760 --> 00:10:28,389
computers to be implemented
this path reverses when data gathered by

532
00:10:28,389 --> 00:10:28,399
this path reverses when data gathered by
 

533
00:10:28,399 --> 00:10:31,670
this path reverses when data gathered by
an observation is sent back to earth

534
00:10:31,670 --> 00:10:31,680
an observation is sent back to earth
 

535
00:10:31,680 --> 00:10:33,670
an observation is sent back to earth
with commands loaded into its computers

536
00:10:33,670 --> 00:10:33,680
with commands loaded into its computers
 

537
00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:35,509
with commands loaded into its computers
the telescope automatically proceeds

538
00:10:35,509 --> 00:10:35,519
the telescope automatically proceeds
 

539
00:10:35,519 --> 00:10:36,949
the telescope automatically proceeds
with observations

540
00:10:36,949 --> 00:10:36,959
with observations
 

541
00:10:36,959 --> 00:10:39,750
with observations
in this case hst pivots slowly to its

542
00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:39,760
in this case hst pivots slowly to its
 

543
00:10:39,760 --> 00:10:41,509
in this case hst pivots slowly to its
new target

544
00:10:41,509 --> 00:10:41,519
new target
 

545
00:10:41,519 --> 00:10:43,110
new target
light from the target goes down the

546
00:10:43,110 --> 00:10:43,120
light from the target goes down the
 

547
00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:45,670
light from the target goes down the
telescope and hits the primary mirror

548
00:10:45,670 --> 00:10:45,680
telescope and hits the primary mirror
 

549
00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:48,550
telescope and hits the primary mirror
it reflects back to the secondary mirror

550
00:10:48,550 --> 00:10:48,560
it reflects back to the secondary mirror
 

551
00:10:48,560 --> 00:10:50,710
it reflects back to the secondary mirror
reduced to a narrow beam the light is

552
00:10:50,710 --> 00:10:50,720
reduced to a narrow beam the light is
 

553
00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:52,630
reduced to a narrow beam the light is
aimed back to the focal plane just

554
00:10:52,630 --> 00:10:52,640
aimed back to the focal plane just
 

555
00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:54,150
aimed back to the focal plane just
behind it

556
00:10:54,150 --> 00:10:54,160
behind it
 

557
00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:56,630
behind it
the image is directed to hst's fine

558
00:10:56,630 --> 00:10:56,640
the image is directed to hst's fine
 

559
00:10:56,640 --> 00:10:57,990
the image is directed to hst's fine
guidance sensors

560
00:10:57,990 --> 00:10:58,000
guidance sensors
 

561
00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:00,550
guidance sensors
which locate and lock onto guide stars

562
00:11:00,550 --> 00:11:00,560
which locate and lock onto guide stars
 

563
00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:03,110
which locate and lock onto guide stars
on either side of the target

564
00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:03,120
on either side of the target
 

565
00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:05,829
on either side of the target
with hst now centered on its target the

566
00:11:05,829 --> 00:11:05,839
with hst now centered on its target the
 

567
00:11:05,839 --> 00:11:07,509
with hst now centered on its target the
light travels into the science

568
00:11:07,509 --> 00:11:07,519
light travels into the science
 

569
00:11:07,519 --> 00:11:08,710
light travels into the science
instruments which will make the

570
00:11:08,710 --> 00:11:08,720
instruments which will make the
 

571
00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:10,870
instruments which will make the
observation

572
00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:10,880
observation
 

573
00:11:10,880 --> 00:11:13,990
observation
the instrument shutters open the correct

574
00:11:13,990 --> 00:11:14,000
the instrument shutters open the correct
 

575
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,670
the instrument shutters open the correct
filter is selected and hst begins its

576
00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:17,680
filter is selected and hst begins its
 

577
00:11:17,680 --> 00:11:21,430
filter is selected and hst begins its
exposure

578
00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:21,440

 

579
00:11:21,440 --> 00:11:23,910

while most observations are pre-planned

580
00:11:23,910 --> 00:11:23,920
while most observations are pre-planned
 

581
00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:26,470
while most observations are pre-planned
10 percent require real-time interaction

582
00:11:26,470 --> 00:11:26,480
10 percent require real-time interaction
 

583
00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:30,150
10 percent require real-time interaction
at the institute by scientists

584
00:11:30,150 --> 00:11:30,160
at the institute by scientists
 

585
00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:32,310
at the institute by scientists
real-time observations with the space

586
00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:32,320
real-time observations with the space
 

587
00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:34,630
real-time observations with the space
telescope defy pre-programming

588
00:11:34,630 --> 00:11:34,640
telescope defy pre-programming
 

589
00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:37,350
telescope defy pre-programming
for example we want to observe the red

590
00:11:37,350 --> 00:11:37,360
for example we want to observe the red
 

591
00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:37,829
for example we want to observe the red
spots

592
00:11:37,829 --> 00:11:37,839
spots
 

593
00:11:37,839 --> 00:11:40,389
spots
on jupiter this is a complicated

594
00:11:40,389 --> 00:11:40,399
on jupiter this is a complicated
 

595
00:11:40,399 --> 00:11:43,269
on jupiter this is a complicated
operation because the planet moves

596
00:11:43,269 --> 00:11:43,279
operation because the planet moves
 

597
00:11:43,279 --> 00:11:46,230
operation because the planet moves
and it also rotates in order to be able

598
00:11:46,230 --> 00:11:46,240
and it also rotates in order to be able
 

599
00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:47,829
and it also rotates in order to be able
to do this we have to take an early

600
00:11:47,829 --> 00:11:47,839
to do this we have to take an early
 

601
00:11:47,839 --> 00:11:49,190
to do this we have to take an early
picture of the planet

602
00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:49,200
picture of the planet
 

603
00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:52,150
picture of the planet
send information down to the ground and

604
00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:52,160
send information down to the ground and
 

605
00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:52,550
send information down to the ground and
then

606
00:11:52,550 --> 00:11:52,560
then
 

607
00:11:52,560 --> 00:11:54,870
then
have an operator make a very quick

608
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:54,880
have an operator make a very quick
 

609
00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:56,710
have an operator make a very quick
decision as to exactly

610
00:11:56,710 --> 00:11:56,720
decision as to exactly
 

611
00:11:56,720 --> 00:11:59,269
decision as to exactly
where the instrument that is being used

612
00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:59,279
where the instrument that is being used
 

613
00:11:59,279 --> 00:12:00,790
where the instrument that is being used
has to be pointed

614
00:12:00,790 --> 00:12:00,800
has to be pointed
 

615
00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:02,389
has to be pointed
this is a very challenging operation

616
00:12:02,389 --> 00:12:02,399
this is a very challenging operation
 

617
00:12:02,399 --> 00:12:04,389
this is a very challenging operation
indeed

618
00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:04,399
indeed
 

619
00:12:04,399 --> 00:12:06,710
indeed
within 24 hours of an observation the

620
00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:06,720
within 24 hours of an observation the
 

621
00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:08,470
within 24 hours of an observation the
observer can obtain the data from the

622
00:12:08,470 --> 00:12:08,480
observer can obtain the data from the
 

623
00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:10,069
observer can obtain the data from the
science institute's data

624
00:12:10,069 --> 00:12:10,079
science institute's data
 

625
00:12:10,079 --> 00:12:13,110
science institute's data
archive and distribution service the

626
00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:13,120
archive and distribution service the
 

627
00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:15,350
archive and distribution service the
investigator who submitted the proposal

628
00:12:15,350 --> 00:12:15,360
investigator who submitted the proposal
 

629
00:12:15,360 --> 00:12:17,509
investigator who submitted the proposal
has exclusive rights to this information

630
00:12:17,509 --> 00:12:17,519
has exclusive rights to this information
 

631
00:12:17,519 --> 00:12:19,269
has exclusive rights to this information
for one year

632
00:12:19,269 --> 00:12:19,279
for one year
 

633
00:12:19,279 --> 00:12:21,590
for one year
after this period the data is available

634
00:12:21,590 --> 00:12:21,600
after this period the data is available
 

635
00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:24,310
after this period the data is available
to scientists around the world serving

636
00:12:24,310 --> 00:12:24,320
to scientists around the world serving
 

637
00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:26,069
to scientists around the world serving
as an hst library

638
00:12:26,069 --> 00:12:26,079
as an hst library
 

639
00:12:26,079 --> 00:12:27,670
as an hst library
the archive will distribute an

640
00:12:27,670 --> 00:12:27,680
the archive will distribute an
 

641
00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:30,310
the archive will distribute an
equivalent of 500 million pages of

642
00:12:30,310 --> 00:12:30,320
equivalent of 500 million pages of
 

643
00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:31,110
equivalent of 500 million pages of
information

644
00:12:31,110 --> 00:12:31,120
information
 

645
00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:34,150
information
over a single year the observations are

646
00:12:34,150 --> 00:12:34,160
over a single year the observations are
 

647
00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:35,670
over a single year the observations are
distributed through worldwide

648
00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:35,680
distributed through worldwide
 

649
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:38,310
distributed through worldwide
astronomical computer networks

650
00:12:38,310 --> 00:12:38,320
astronomical computer networks
 

651
00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:42,870
astronomical computer networks
are through optical disks magnetic tapes

652
00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:42,880
are through optical disks magnetic tapes
 

653
00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:45,829
are through optical disks magnetic tapes
and photographs astronomers can use this

654
00:12:45,829 --> 00:12:45,839
and photographs astronomers can use this
 

655
00:12:45,839 --> 00:12:48,150
and photographs astronomers can use this
information at their home institution

656
00:12:48,150 --> 00:12:48,160
information at their home institution
 

657
00:12:48,160 --> 00:12:52,949
information at their home institution
to further their own research

658
00:12:52,949 --> 00:12:52,959
to further their own research
 

659
00:12:52,959 --> 00:12:55,110
to further their own research
from this data who can say what great

660
00:12:55,110 --> 00:12:55,120
from this data who can say what great
 

661
00:12:55,120 --> 00:12:56,710
from this data who can say what great
discoveries will be made

662
00:12:56,710 --> 00:12:56,720
discoveries will be made
 

663
00:12:56,720 --> 00:12:59,030
discoveries will be made
astronomers hope for answers about black

664
00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:59,040
astronomers hope for answers about black
 

665
00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:00,230
astronomers hope for answers about black
holes

666
00:13:00,230 --> 00:13:00,240
holes
 

667
00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:02,870
holes
the evolution of galaxies and the size

668
00:13:02,870 --> 00:13:02,880
the evolution of galaxies and the size
 

669
00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:04,389
the evolution of galaxies and the size
of our universe

670
00:13:04,389 --> 00:13:04,399
of our universe
 

671
00:13:04,399 --> 00:13:06,230
of our universe
looking to the future to ensure the

672
00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:06,240
looking to the future to ensure the
 

673
00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:08,870
looking to the future to ensure the
continuous flow of such exciting data

674
00:13:08,870 --> 00:13:08,880
continuous flow of such exciting data
 

675
00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:12,389
continuous flow of such exciting data
nasa has created contingency plans

676
00:13:12,389 --> 00:13:12,399
nasa has created contingency plans
 

677
00:13:12,399 --> 00:13:14,790
nasa has created contingency plans
in contrast to the unexpected repair of

678
00:13:14,790 --> 00:13:14,800
in contrast to the unexpected repair of
 

679
00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:17,190
in contrast to the unexpected repair of
the solar maximum mission spacecraft in

680
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:17,200
the solar maximum mission spacecraft in
 

681
00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:18,629
the solar maximum mission spacecraft in
1984

682
00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:18,639
1984
 

683
00:13:18,639 --> 00:13:21,430
1984
nasa has prepared for hst's on orbit

684
00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:21,440
nasa has prepared for hst's on orbit
 

685
00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:24,470
nasa has prepared for hst's on orbit
servicing

686
00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:24,480

 

687
00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:26,870

hst is designed and developed by nasa

688
00:13:26,870 --> 00:13:26,880
hst is designed and developed by nasa
 

689
00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:30,150
hst is designed and developed by nasa
for on-orbit servicing by astronauts

690
00:13:30,150 --> 00:13:30,160
for on-orbit servicing by astronauts
 

691
00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:32,790
for on-orbit servicing by astronauts
consequently hst instruments and various

692
00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:32,800
consequently hst instruments and various
 

693
00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:37,670
consequently hst instruments and various
components were developed to be modular

694
00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:37,680

 

695
00:13:37,680 --> 00:13:39,269

this allows the astronauts to replace

696
00:13:39,269 --> 00:13:39,279
this allows the astronauts to replace
 

697
00:13:39,279 --> 00:13:41,590
this allows the astronauts to replace
degradable parts such as solar arrays

698
00:13:41,590 --> 00:13:41,600
degradable parts such as solar arrays
 

699
00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:44,150
degradable parts such as solar arrays
and batteries during routine servicing

700
00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:44,160
and batteries during routine servicing
 

701
00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:45,829
and batteries during routine servicing
missions

702
00:13:45,829 --> 00:13:45,839
missions
 

703
00:13:45,839 --> 00:13:47,750
missions
the modular design also makes it

704
00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:47,760
the modular design also makes it
 

705
00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:49,990
the modular design also makes it
possible to update the observatory with

706
00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:50,000
possible to update the observatory with
 

707
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:51,990
possible to update the observatory with
new instruments

708
00:13:51,990 --> 00:13:52,000
new instruments
 

709
00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,069
new instruments
during the first planned maintenance

710
00:13:54,069 --> 00:13:54,079
during the first planned maintenance
 

711
00:13:54,079 --> 00:13:55,829
during the first planned maintenance
mission for the hst

712
00:13:55,829 --> 00:13:55,839
mission for the hst
 

713
00:13:55,839 --> 00:13:57,910
mission for the hst
we expect to remove one of the original

714
00:13:57,910 --> 00:13:57,920
we expect to remove one of the original
 

715
00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:59,829
we expect to remove one of the original
scientific instruments and replace it

716
00:13:59,829 --> 00:13:59,839
scientific instruments and replace it
 

717
00:13:59,839 --> 00:14:02,389
scientific instruments and replace it
with a near-infrared instrument

718
00:14:02,389 --> 00:14:02,399
with a near-infrared instrument
 

719
00:14:02,399 --> 00:14:04,150
with a near-infrared instrument
the first scientific instruments on the

720
00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:04,160
the first scientific instruments on the
 

721
00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:07,269
the first scientific instruments on the
hst are sensitive to the ultraviolet

722
00:14:07,269 --> 00:14:07,279
hst are sensitive to the ultraviolet
 

723
00:14:07,279 --> 00:14:08,949
hst are sensitive to the ultraviolet
and visible portions of the

724
00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:08,959
and visible portions of the
 

725
00:14:08,959 --> 00:14:10,710
and visible portions of the
electromagnetic spectrum

726
00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:10,720
electromagnetic spectrum
 

727
00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:13,670
electromagnetic spectrum
when we add an infrared capability we

728
00:14:13,670 --> 00:14:13,680
when we add an infrared capability we
 

729
00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:15,750
when we add an infrared capability we
will be able to examine regions such as

730
00:14:15,750 --> 00:14:15,760
will be able to examine regions such as
 

731
00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:16,550
will be able to examine regions such as
this

732
00:14:16,550 --> 00:14:16,560
this
 

733
00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:18,150
this
where stars are in the process of

734
00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:18,160
where stars are in the process of
 

735
00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:19,750
where stars are in the process of
formation today

736
00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:19,760
formation today
 

737
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:21,750
formation today
and we'll also be able to probe still

738
00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:21,760
and we'll also be able to probe still
 

739
00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:22,790
and we'll also be able to probe still
further back

740
00:14:22,790 --> 00:14:22,800
further back
 

741
00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:33,910
further back
into the early history of our universe

742
00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:33,920

 

743
00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:36,310

hubble space telescope operations can be

744
00:14:36,310 --> 00:14:36,320
hubble space telescope operations can be
 

745
00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:38,470
hubble space telescope operations can be
compared to the complexity and challenge

746
00:14:38,470 --> 00:14:38,480
compared to the complexity and challenge
 

747
00:14:38,480 --> 00:14:40,710
compared to the complexity and challenge
of the operations necessary to send

748
00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:40,720
of the operations necessary to send
 

749
00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:43,990
of the operations necessary to send
astronauts to the moon the expertise of

750
00:14:43,990 --> 00:14:44,000
astronauts to the moon the expertise of
 

751
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:46,069
astronauts to the moon the expertise of
thousands of individuals has contributed

752
00:14:46,069 --> 00:14:46,079
thousands of individuals has contributed
 

753
00:14:46,079 --> 00:14:47,509
thousands of individuals has contributed
to the innovative

754
00:14:47,509 --> 00:14:47,519
to the innovative
 

755
00:14:47,519 --> 00:14:50,790
to the innovative
science instruments computer systems

756
00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:50,800
science instruments computer systems
 

757
00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,030
science instruments computer systems
information systems and maintenance

758
00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:53,040
information systems and maintenance
 

759
00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,269
information systems and maintenance
hardware that constitute hst's

760
00:14:55,269 --> 00:14:55,279
hardware that constitute hst's
 

761
00:14:55,279 --> 00:14:57,509
hardware that constitute hst's
operations network

762
00:14:57,509 --> 00:14:57,519
operations network
 

763
00:14:57,519 --> 00:14:59,670
operations network
this elaborate system supporting hubble

764
00:14:59,670 --> 00:14:59,680
this elaborate system supporting hubble
 

765
00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:01,030
this elaborate system supporting hubble
space telescope

766
00:15:01,030 --> 00:15:01,040
space telescope
 

767
00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:02,949
space telescope
promises long-sought answers to

768
00:15:02,949 --> 00:15:02,959
promises long-sought answers to
 

769
00:15:02,959 --> 00:15:04,470
promises long-sought answers to
universal questions

770
00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:04,480
universal questions
 

771
00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,030
universal questions
exciting discoveries to ponder and

772
00:15:07,030 --> 00:15:07,040
exciting discoveries to ponder and
 

773
00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:07,990
exciting discoveries to ponder and
possibly

774
00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:08,000
possibly
 

775
00:15:08,000 --> 00:16:07,350
possibly
a new understanding of our universe

776
00:16:07,350 --> 00:16:07,360

 

777
00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,440

you